VIENNA  Wed, Jun 23, (Reuters) - Global heroin and cocaine production is falling but drug trafficking routes and markets are shifting and destabilizing Africa in particular, the U.N. Office on Drugs and Crime said in a report on Wednesday.
Here are some facts and figures from the annual World Drug Report.

WORLD DRUG USE
Overall, 1. ___________ percent of the global population aged 15-64 used an illicit drug at least once in 2008.

COCAINE
* The global market is worth an estimated 3. ___________ . North America is the biggest market, valued at $37 billion while Europe is catching up at $34 billion.
*  5.___________abuse is growing in West Africa.
* The number of users in Europe has doubled to around 4.1 million in the past decade. North American users have halved to 5.3 million since 1982.
* North America and Europe make up 70 percent of cocaine demand and 85 percent of the total market value.
* There are 7. ___________ users in South America, Central America and the Caribbean.

HEROIN
* Afghanistan produces 89 percent of the world's opium from which heroin is produced. Myanmar, Mexico and 9. ___________ are the next biggest suppliers.
* Opium production is expected to decline further in 2010 due to falling crop yields caused by a blight in 11___________.
* Western Europe is the world's biggest heroin market (26 percent of total) followed by Russia (21 percent) and 13. ___________ (13 percent).
* Iran and Turkey were responsible for 15. ___________ more than half of heroin seized globally in 2008.
* Around 40 percent of Afghan heroin/morphine is trafficked through Pakistan....

VIENNA  Wed, Jun 23, (Reuters) - Global heroin and cocaine production is falling but drug trafficking routes and markets are shifting and destabilizing Africa in particular, the U.N. Office on Drugs and Crime said in a report on Wednesday.
Here are some facts and figures from the annual World Drug Report.

WORLD DRUG USE
Overall, 3.5-5.7 percent of the global population aged 2. ___________ used an illicit drug at least once in 2008.

COCAINE
* The global market is worth an estimated $88 billion. North America is the biggest market, valued at 4. ___________ while Europe is catching up at $34 billion.
* Cocaine abuse is growing in West Africa.
* The number of users in Europe has doubled to around 6. ___________ in the past decade. North American users have halved to 5.3 million since 1982.
* North America and Europe make up 70 percent of cocaine demand and 85 percent of the total market value.
* There are 2.7 million users in South America, Central America and the Caribbean.

HEROIN
* 8. ___________ produces 89 percent of the world's opium from which heroin is produced. Myanmar, Mexico and Columbia are the next biggest suppliers.
* Opium production is expected to 10. ___________ further in 2010 due to falling crop yields caused by a blight in Afghanistan.
* 12. ___________ is the world's biggest heroin market (26 percent of total) followed by Russia (21 percent) and China (13 percent).
* 14. ___________  and Turkey were responsible for capturing more than half of heroin seized globally in 2008.
* Around 40 percent of Afghan 16. ___________ is trafficked through Pakistan....

KABUL, June 15 (Reuters) - Look closer at the drawings on the wall of the Sanga Amaj clinic, and a wrenching motif emerges.

One 11-year-old's family tableau shows father and mother huddled over heroin kits as their sons watch haplessly. Another sketch is of smiling youngsters around a poppy plant that has been crossed out in red, like a traffic no-go sign.

Taken in sequence, they're an ideal depiction of the recovery that Sanga Amaj, one of three U.S.-funded drug clinics for women and children in Afghanistan, offers in modest measure to the most overlooked and vulnerable of the country's many opiate addicts.

While addict babies born to drug-using mothers are familiar in the West, experts say the Afghan phenomenon of parents exposing their young to second-hand opium smoke, or actively encouraging them to partake, is unique and largely unexplored.

"When kids are testing positive like this, then there has to be a serious problem," said Thom Browne of the U.S. State Department's Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL), describing the pressure that program staff are under to conduct studies even as they treat patients.

Some children are admitted with latent drug levels as much as 15 times higher than that of heroin users in the United States, Browne said, blaming the purity of Afghan poppy products and a high tolerance developed though protracted inhalation indoors.

"We don't know the long-term effects of this on the kids' brains, their development, their emotions. It looks like there's a can of worms here -- not just in the high addiction rate, but in the level of addiction," he said.

A low-slung complex of dormitories and workshops on a side road near Kabul University, Sanga Amaj began four years ago as a clinic for female addicts, housing 20 at a time. Their young children were also put up for convenience, but staff immediately noticed that some showed withdrawal symptoms of their own.

The 15 boys and girls now there range from 3 to 10 years in age. Seven are healthy, staying while their mothers undergo a 45-day detoxification and re-education course in rooms just across the leafy courtyard. The other 8 are in recovery.

Parwana is 9 but looks younger, her growth likely stunted by the opium to which she says her widowed mother introduced her and a 5-year-old brother who is also in Sanga Amaj.

"We came here to be fixed, so that we don't sleep and feel dull all the time," she told Reuters through a translator.

"Before, I didn't know the enjoyment of life. I was unwilling to eat. I always had headaches. Now I feel like I'm normal."

KORAN, NO METHADONE
Her treatment has a distinctive Afghan feel. Days at the clinic begin with 4 a.m. prayers, and imams help with counseling.

"In the West we use the 12-step (rehabilitation) model that draws on Judeo-Christian principles, here we draw on the Koran," said Preeti Shah, INL officer at the U.S. embassy in Kabul. Sanga Amaj and the other clinics provide basic medication for withdrawal symptoms, but in line with the Afghan stigma on opiate use they appear to frown on heroin substitutes such as methadone and insist patients go cold turkey.

While the relapse rate for those who have undergone addiction therapy is not known, up to a quarter of women return, said Abdul Basir, one of the Afghan coordinators at Sanga Amaj. There are fewer child re-admissions, he said.

Fewer still would fall back into drug use if their original care were longer. According to Fadilan Abdul Kayong of the Colombo Plan, an international group that advises the Afghan government on narcotics awareness, child addicts need a minimum 90-day care program -- double what is now available.

As Afghanistan is the No. 1 exporter of opiates, the world's focus is on cracking down on production rather than fighting domestic addiction that, by some estimates, plagues a staggering 1.5 million out of the population of some 30 million.

"So far the Afghan authorities have taken steps to eradicate the problem from the country," Shah said, but she lamented the lack of help for the U.S. efforts -- including from abroad.

Out of 40 rehabilitation clinics in the country, 30 are paid for by Washington, she said. Most are for men and youths, while three new clinics for women and children are under construction.

In rural areas, harsh economics can exacerbate the problem. Women eking out a living at carpet weaving have been known to blow opium smoke on babies to keep them calm. The drug also prevents child workers from chafing at long hours on the loom.

Shah shrugged off the scale of the challenge -- a common response from those working to relieve Afghanistan's war ravages.

"I care about the numbers, but I care more about the people," she said.

June 21 (Reuters) - A new U.N. report shows that as well as being the world's biggest supplier of illicit opium-based drugs such as heroin, Afghanistan now also has among the highest rates of addiction.

Previously considered a foreign vice, nearly 3 percent of the adult population is addicted to opiates -- a problem authorities generally treat as a social ill rather than criminal offense.

Following are some facts and figures about drugs in Afghanistan:

* Possession of more than 2 kg of heroin, 10 kg of opium or 50 kg or hashish is considered a serious crime under Afghan law. Offenders face up to 20 years in jail and a $40,000 fine.

* Afghanistan convicted some 600 drug traffickers last year. Around 35 former government officials have been jailed for up to 18 years for complicity. Unlike neighboring Iran, whose drug addiction rates it now rivals, Afghanistan does not execute traffickers.

* Afghan police have detained over a thousand heroin addicts this year and sent them to hospitals for treatment, but tens of thousands more remain. Addicts rounded up in Kabul were mainly returnees from refugee camps in Iran or Pakistan.

* Afghanistan has 40 clinics, and an outpatient care system, for rehabilitating addicts, but these can treat only around 10,500 patients a year, leaving as many as 700,000 without care.

(1 kg = 2.2 pounds)
(Sources: Afghan Criminal Justice Task Force and Interior Ministry, UNODC)